How do forests differ by canopy cover and tree height?

Forests are classified not only by location or climate but also by canopy cover (the amount of area covered by tree leaves) and tree height (how tall the trees are). These factors determine how dense and productive a forest is.

By canopy cover, forests are divided into:

• Closed forests: Dense forests where tree canopies overlap completely, allowing very little sunlight to reach the ground. Examples include tropical rainforests.
• Open forests: Have scattered trees with more space between canopies. Sunlight easily passes through, supporting grasses and smaller plants.
• Sparse forests or woodlands: Have very few trees per area; common in dry or mountainous regions.

By tree height, forests can be grouped into:

• Tall forests: Found in tropical regions; trees often exceed 30–40 meters in height.
• Medium forests: Trees range between 10–30 meters, common in temperate zones.
• Short forests or scrublands: Trees are less than 10 meters tall, typical in dry or cold areas.

Together, canopy cover and tree height influence the forest’s biodiversity, light availability, and the type of wildlife it supports. For example, a dense, tall rainforest supports more species than a sparse, short woodland. These variations help scientists understand how forests grow and how they can be best protected.