How do molecular arrangements differ in each state?

In solids, liquids, and gases, molecules are arranged differently, which explains their shapes and behaviors.

Solid Molecular Arrangement

• Packing: Molecules are packed very closely together with almost no space.
• Arrangement: Often in a fixed, neat, and repeating pattern (especially in crystals).
• Movement: Molecules can only vibrate in place because they are held tightly by strong forces.
• Result: Solids keep a definite shape and volume.

Liquid Molecular Arrangement

• Packing: Molecules are close but not as tightly packed as in solids.
• Arrangement: No fixed pattern; particles are free to shift around.
• Movement: Molecules slide past each other while staying in contact.
• Result: Liquids have a fixed volume but take the shape of their container.

Gas Molecular Arrangement

• Packing: Molecules are spread far apart with lots of empty space between them.
• Arrangement: No regular pattern; particles are scattered.
• Movement: Molecules move quickly in all directions, bumping into each other and the container.
• Result: Gases have neither fixed shape nor volume and expand to fill any container.