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How do you convert the following:
(a) Ethanal to Propanone
(b) Toulene to Benzoic Acid
OR
Account for the following:
(a) Aromatic carboxylic acids do not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction.
(b) pKa value of 4-nitrobenzoic acid is lower than that of benzoic acid.

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Detailed Solution

a) This is because the -COOH group is deactivating and the catalyst AlCl₃ gets bonded to -COOH group.

b) -NO₂ group is an electron withdrawing group owing to -I effect. So, it stabilizes the COO^- ion and strengthens the acid in 4-nitrobenzoic acid.

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