How does a civilization differ from a tribe?

A civilization is a large, settled, and organized society with cities, written language, government, and division of labor, while a tribe is typically a smaller, kin-based community that lives more simply and is often nomadic. Civilizations depend on agriculture and technology, allowing for surplus production and urban growth. Tribes rely more on hunting, gathering, or small-scale farming. Civilizations have laws, political systems, and trade networks, whereas tribes are governed by customs and elders. For instance, the Indus Valley Civilization contrasts with ancient tribal societies, showing humanity’s shift from simple to complex social structures.