How does asexual reproduction differ from sexual reproduction?

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Detailed Solution

Asexual reproduction happens when a single parent produces offspring that are exact genetic copies (clones) of itself, using processes like budding or fission. In contrast, sexual reproduction requires two parents. Their gametes (sperm and egg) combine to create offspring that are genetically different, bringing variety into the species. The main differences lie in the number of parents involved, whether gametes and fertilization are used, and whether the offspring are identical or diverse.

Asexual Reproduction

Parent(s): Only one parent is involved.
Gametes: No sperm or egg cells are formed or fused.
Offspring: Offspring are identical to the parent (clones).
Genetic Diversity: No variation among offspring, making it harder to adapt to new environments.
Examples: Fission in bacteria, budding in hydra, fragmentation in starfish.

Sexual Reproduction

Parent(s): Two parents (male and female) contribute genetic material.
Gametes: Fusion of sperm and egg cells from both parents.
Offspring: Offspring are genetically different from each parent and from one another.
Genetic Diversity: Creates variation in the population, improving survival and adaptation, and driving evolution.
Examples: Most animals and plants reproduce this way.

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