How does meiosis produce haploid human gametes?

Meiosis is a specialised cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half to produce haploid gametes (n). In humans, a diploid germinal cell (2 n = 46 chromosomes) first replicates its DNA then undergoes Meiosis I, where homologous chromosome pairs separate (reduction division). 

This yields two haploid (n) cells, each with chromosomes still in duplicated form. Then Meiosis II, similar to mitosis, separates sister chromatids, resulting in four genetically distinct haploid gametes, each with 23 chromosomes. Key features: crossing-over (recombination) and independent assortment increase genetic diversity; ploidy reduction ensures stability across generations.