How does software work?

Software operates by converting human-written instructions into machine-executable code that directs computer hardware. A developer writes source code in a programming language, which is then either compiled into binary form or interpreted at runtime. The central processing unit (CPU) reads these binary instructions, performs calculations, accesses memory, and coordinates with input/output devices through the operating system. 

Each software program has algorithms, structured sets of logical steps - that guide how data should be processed and results displayed. The operating system acts as the intermediary, ensuring that software commands translate safely into hardware actions like displaying text, saving files, or connecting to a network. Software relies on memory management, file systems, and device drivers to function smoothly. 

Errors or inefficiencies in code can cause bugs, crashes, or performance issues, which are resolved through debugging and updates. In essence, software “works” by orchestrating the computer’s physical resources to execute a virtual idea. Every application, from browsers to games, is a coordinated flow of coded logic and hardware response working together to complete user-defined tasks efficiently and repeatedly.