How does temperature and pressure affect state diagram?

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Detailed Solution

The state (or phase) diagram of a substance shows how temperature and pressure determine which state of matter exists under given conditions.

At low temperature and high pressure: Matter tends to exist as a solid (particles close together).
At moderate temperature and pressure: Matter usually becomes a liquid.
At high temperature and low pressure: Matter converts into a gas.
Critical Point: The temperature and pressure beyond which liquid and gas phases become indistinguishable (forms a supercritical fluid).
Triple Point: The unique combination of temperature and pressure at which all three phases — solid, liquid, and gas — coexist in equilibrium (e.g., for water: 0.01 °C and 0.006 atm).

These diagrams help visualize how energy (temperature) and force (pressure) control the physical state of a substance.

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