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Q.

How does thalamus differ from pedicel and peduncle?

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Detailed Solution

The thalamus, pedicel, and peduncle are all structural parts of a flower, but they differ in position, structure, and function within the floral axis.
While the peduncle and pedicel act as supporting stalks, the thalamus (receptacle) is the broadened floral base where the flower’s whorls arise.

1. Thalamus (Receptacle)

  • Position: The swollen tip of the pedicel located at the base of the flower.
  • Structure: A broad or dome-shaped region made of stem tissue; may be flat, convex, or concave depending on the plant.
  • Function:
    • Bears and supports four floral whorls—calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium.
    • Provides nutrition and attachment for floral organs.
    • In some species (e.g., rose, apple, strawberry), becomes fleshy and edible, forming part of the fruit.

2. Pedicel

  • Position: The stalk of an individual flower connecting it to the main floral axis or peduncle.
  • Structure: A slender, green stalk, unbranched, and flexible.
  • Function:
    • Supports a single flower.
    • Transports water and nutrients between the stem and the flower.
    • Positions the flower for effective pollination exposure.
  • Example: Seen in rose, hibiscus, and cherry where each flower has its own pedicel.
  • Flowers without a pedicel are called sessile (e.g., sunflower).

3. Peduncle

  • Position: The main stalk that supports an entire inflorescence (group of flowers) or a single terminal flower.
  • Structure: Thicker and longer than a pedicel; may bear multiple pedicels or flowers.
  • Function:
    • Provides support and nutrition to all flowers in an inflorescence.
    • Elevates the inflorescence for better pollinator access and seed dispersal.
    • Becomes the stalk of the fruit cluster after fertilization.
  • Example: Seen in bunches of grapes, banana, or sunflower head.
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