How does the pineal gland regulate sleep?

The pineal gland plays a vital role in controlling our sleep–wake cycle, also known as the circadian rhythm. It does this mainly by producing a hormone called melatonin, often called the “sleep hormone.” When it gets dark, the brain receives signals from the eyes and sends them to the pineal gland, which starts releasing melatonin into the bloodstream. This rise in melatonin levels makes you feel sleepy and prepares your body for rest.

During the day, exposure to sunlight stops melatonin production, helping you stay awake and alert. The pineal gland works like an internal clock, syncing your body’s sleep pattern with natural day and night cycles. Factors such as using electronic screens before bedtime, irregular sleep schedules, or stress can disturb melatonin release and lead to sleep problems like insomnia.

Maintaining a consistent sleep routine, dimming lights at night, and avoiding screens before bed can support healthy pineal gland function. In short, the pineal gland helps your body know when it’s time to sleep and when it’s time to wake up — making it a key regulator of your natural biological rhythm.