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Q.

How is alumina separated from silica in the bauxite ore associated with silica ? Give equations.

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Detailed Solution

Bauxite ore is concentrated by the method of leaching or chemical separation.
a) This method involves the digesting of powdered bauxite ore with concentrated NaOH at 473-523 K and 35-36 bar pressure. Al2O3 is leached out as sodium aluminate (and SiO2 too as sodium silicate) leaving the impurities behind.
Al2O3(S)+2NaOH(aq)+3H2O(I)
From bauxite      2NaAl(OH)4(aq)Sodium aluminate
b) Now CO2 gas is passed through the solution and small amount of freshly prepared hydrated aluminium oxide is also added in order to induce the precipitation.
2NaAl(OH)4(aq)+CO2(aq)Al2O3XH2O(s)+2NaHCO3(aq)Hydrated aluminium oxide ppt
c) The sodium silicate remains in the solution and the insoluble hydrated alumina is filtered
dried and heated to give pure Al2O3.
Al2O3xH2O(s)1470 K Al2O3(s)+xH2O(g)

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