How is ammonia manufactured by Haber’s process? Explain the reactions of ammonia.
a) ZnSO₄ b) CuSO₄ c) AgCl

Haber’s Process:
1) It involves direct combination of nitrogen and hydrogen.
${\mathrm{N}}_2+3{\mathrm{H}}_2\stackrel{\mathrm{Fe}+\mathrm{MO}}{\rightleftharpoons }2{\mathrm{NH}}_3$
$\mathrm{\Delta H}=-92\mathrm{kJ}/\text{ mole }$
This reaction is
a) reversible b) exothermic
c) volume decreases
Favorable conditions:-
According to Le Chatelier’s principle
1) Low temperature       450 – 500°C
2) High pressure            200 – 300 atm
3) Catalyst                      Finely divided iron
4) Promotor                    Molybdenum
Process:
1) N₂ and H₂ are mixed in 1:3 volume ratio
2) Mixture is compressed to 200 – 300 atm pressure
3) Then the mixture is introduced in the catalyst chamber at 450 – 500°C
4) Then ammonia is produced.
5) This ammonia is cooled. Then liquid NH₃ is produced.
6) NH₃ is dried over quick lime
Reactions:
$\text{ a) }{\mathrm{ZnSO}}_4+2{\mathrm{NH}}_4\mathrm{OH}\to \mathrm{Zn}(\mathrm{OH}{)}_2+{\left({\mathrm{NH}}_4\right)}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4$
$\text{ b) }{\mathrm{CuSO}}_4+4{\mathrm{NH}}_3\to \left[\mathrm{Cu}{\left({\mathrm{NH}}_3\right)}_4\right]{\mathrm{SO}}_4$
$\text{ c) }\mathrm{AgCl}+2{\mathrm{NH}}_3\to \left[\mathrm{Ag}{\left({\mathrm{NH}}_3\right)}_2\right]\mathrm{Cl}$