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Q.

How is copper extracted from copper pyrites?

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Detailed Solution

Concentration: Ore is concentrated by froth floatation process.
Roasting : Roasted ore mixed with coke and sand which is heated in blast furnace.
2CuFeS2+O2Cu2S+2FeS+SO22Cu2S+3O22Cu2O+2SO22FeS+3O22FeO+2SO2
Smelting : Roasted Ore mixed with coke and sand which is heated in blast furnace.
2FeS+3O22FeO+2SO2FeO+SiO2FeSiO3 (slag) 
Bessemerisation: Cu2S and FeS mixture is transferred to bessemer converter. A blast of hot air and silica is blown through molten mate.
2Cu2S+3O22Cu2O+2SO2Cu2S+2Cu2O6Cu+SO2
In this way blister appears on the surface. this contains 98% Cu and 2% mixture of Ag, Au etc.
Refining
Electrolytic refining
Anode : Blistered Cu
Cathode : pure Cu
Electrolyte : Aqueous solution of CuSO4
On electrolysis :
At Anode : CuCu+2+2e
At Cathode : Cu+2+2eCu

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