How is the pineal gland surgically treated?

Surgery involving the pineal gland is rare and only done when necessary, such as in cases of large cysts, tumors, or structural abnormalities causing serious symptoms. The main surgical procedure is called a pinealectomy or tumor excision, performed by a neurosurgeon using advanced imaging and minimally invasive techniques.

Before surgery, patients undergo detailed MRI or CT scans to locate the lesion accurately. During the operation, surgeons make a small opening in the skull (craniotomy) to reach the pineal region, which is located deep within the brain. The surgery requires high precision because the pineal gland is near vital blood vessels and brain structures that control vision and movement.

After surgery, patients may need radiation therapy or chemotherapy if the tumor is malignant. For benign cysts, partial removal or drainage may be sufficient. Post-surgery recovery involves monitoring hormone levels and neurological function.

Most pineal surgeries have good outcomes when performed early and by experienced specialists. In less severe cases, doctors may prefer non-surgical treatments, including medications or hormone therapy, especially if symptoms are due to hormonal imbalance rather than structural growth.