How is the trunk anatomically divided into regions?

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Detailed Solution

The trunk is divided into four parts: thorax (chest), abdomen, pelvis, and back. The diaphragm separates the thorax from the abdomen. For medical reference, the abdomen is further split into nine regions.

Thorax

Upper part of the trunk; also called the chest or thoracic region.
Houses the heart and lungs, protected by the rib cage.
Separated from the abdomen by the diaphragm.

Abdomen

Middle section between thorax and pelvis.
Contains major digestive and urinary organs: stomach, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, intestines.
Divided into nine regions for precise location:
right/left hypochondriac, epigastric, right/left lumbar, umbilical, right/left iliac (inguinal), hypogastric (pubic).

Pelvis

Lower part of the trunk; often grouped with the abdomen as the lower torso.
Includes the pelvic girdle and supports the lower limbs.
Contains pelvic organs (e.g., bladder, reproductive organs).

Back

Posterior side of the trunk.
Built around the vertebral column with major muscles like trapezius and latissimus dorsi.
Subdivided into vertebral, scapular, and lumbar regions.

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