How many from the list given below represent the examples of primary succession?
a) Abandoned farmlands
b) Burned or cut-forest
c) Newly cooled lava
d) Lands that have been flooded
e) Bare rock
f) A newly created pond.

Primary succession occurs in area that was not previously inhabited by any life forms. Such area is not suitable for life, thus, more physical and chemical changes occurs. Primary succession is a slow gradual process. Newly cooled lava, bare rock and newly created pond shows primary succession.