Q.

How many of the following are ‘+M’ groups.

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answer is 5.

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Detailed Solution

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Except NO2 and NH3 remaining groups show +M’effect.The complete displacement of electron pair caused by an atom or a group along a chain by a conjugative mechanism is called the mesomeric effect of that atom or group. It is possible when some multiple bonds are in conjugation (single and double bonds alternatively) or when an atom withat least one lone pair is in conjugation with multiple bond. It is a permanent effect and it operates untill conjugation ends. Lone pair and  electrons are involved in it. It influences the physical properties and reaction rates, etc.

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