How many of the following are reducing carbhydrates Glucose, Fructose, Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose, Galactose, Cellobiose, Cellulose, Starch,Arabinose, Ribose

1.maltose (4-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose), is a reducing sugar, because it has a hemiacetal group.

2.Cellobiose (4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose) is also a reducing sugar, because it has a free hemiacetal unit.

3.Lactose is a reducing sugar and exhibits mutarotation by virtue of the anomeric C1 of the glucose residue. Lactulose is a synthetic disaccharide consisting of galactose and fructose linked through a β-linkage between C1 of galactose and C4 of fructose

4.All monosaccharides such as glucose are reducing sugars Ex: Glucose, Fructose, Galactose, Ribose, Arabinose