How many plants given below have C₃ as well as C₄ pathways and a mechanism that increase the concentration of CO₂ at the enzyme site during photosynthesis?

Wheat, maize, rice, potato, sugarcane, tomato, pearl millet, bell pepper, sorghum.

 

Among the plants listed, maize, sorghum, sugarcane and pearl millet are known to have both C₃ and C₄ pathways, along with a mechanism to increase the concentration of CO₂ at the enzyme site during photosynthesis. These plants exhibit a phenomenon known as C₄ photosynthesis, which involves spatial separation of initial carbon fixation and the Calvin cycle, leading to an increased concentration of CO₂ at the enzyme site, thereby minimizing photorespiration.