How much percent of carbon dioxide is in the air?

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Detailed Solution

Valence Electrons in Phosphorus

An atom of phosphorus has 5 valence electrons. Phosphorus has an atomic number of 15, and its electron configuration is:

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p³

The valence electrons are those in the outermost shell, which for phosphorus is the third shell. This shell contains 2 electrons in the 3s subshell and 3 electrons in the 3p subshell, totaling 5 valence electrons.

Percentage of Carbon Dioxide in the Air

The current percentage of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the air is approximately 0.043%. This value is based on atmospheric measurements from 2025, where the CO₂ concentration reached around 429–430 parts per million (ppm). Converting ppm to a percentage:

430 / 1,000,000 = 0.00043 = 0.043%

This is the highest level recorded in over 2 million years and reflects a significant rise driven by fossil fuel emissions and decreased carbon absorption by natural sinks. The rapid increase of atmospheric CO₂ is a core driver of climate change and its associated impacts.

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