How Temperature and Atmosphere Differ for the Two Processes

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Detailed Solution

Calcination and roasting differ in terms of temperature and the atmosphere in which the reactions take place, which leads to different chemical reactions.

Temperature

Calcination: Typically occurs at lower temperatures (300°C to 900°C), as the goal is to remove volatile components such as CO₂ and water without completely melting the ore.
Roasting: Requires higher temperatures (700°C to 1,200°C) to ensure oxidation of sulfides and formation of oxides.

Atmosphere

Calcination: This process occurs in a limited or absence of oxygen, preventing oxidation. It is primarily focused on removing volatile compounds.
Roasting: Roasting takes place in an oxygen-rich environment, which is necessary for the oxidation of sulfides to produce oxides.

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