How to apply manure and fertilizer without harming plants

Applying soil amendments incorrectly can "burn" plant roots and do more harm than good. Following these safety steps is crucial.

How to Apply Manure Safely

• Use Only Composted Manure:Never apply fresh, raw manure directly to growing plants. Its high ammonia and salt content will burn the roots. Ensure it is fully composted (dark, crumbly, and earthy-smelling).
• Incorporate into the Soil: Spread a 1-2 inch layer of composted manure over the soil surface and then mix it into the top 4-6 inches of soil a few weeks before planting.
• Side-Dressing: For established plants, you can spread a thin layer of compost on the soil around the base of the plant (without touching the stem) and gently work it in.

How to Apply Chemical Fertilizer Safely

• Read the Label and Dose Correctly: Always follow the application rate recommended on the fertilizer package or your soil test report. Over-application is the most common cause of plant burn.
• Avoid Direct Contact: Do not let fertilizer granules touch the stems or leaves of the plant. Apply it in a circle on the soil around the plant, a few inches away from the base (the "drip line").
• Water It In Immediately: After applying granular fertilizer, water the area thoroughly. This dissolves the granules and carries the nutrients down to the root zone, preventing them from sitting in a concentrated spot and burning the roots.