i) A chemical reaction that takes place when a substance comes into contact with oxygen or another oxidizing substance is known as .

ii) A type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of substrate decreases is known as .

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Detailed Solution

Concept: Oxidation is when oxygen is added and reduction is when hydrogen is added or the oxidation state of the element decreases. Transferring electrons from one chemical substance to another is a common component of chemical reactions. These electron transfer reactions are known as oxidation-reduction or Redox reactions, or oxidation and reduction reactions, which refers to reactions that involve both oxidation and reduction at the same time. Redox reactions can alternatively be described as simultaneous increases in or decreases in oxidation numbers.
In the process of oxidation, hydrogen is removed, oxygen is added, electronegative elements are added, electropositive elements are removed, and the oxidation state of the electropositive element is increased.
In the process of reduction, oxygen is removed, hydrogen is added, electronegative elements are removed, electropositive elements are added, and the oxidation state of the electropositive elements is decreased.
Hence, the answers are oxidation and reduction respectively.

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