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Identify compounds X and Y in the following sequence of reactions. ${CH}_{3} CHO \overset{{HNO}_{3}}{⟶} \underline{X} \to_{△}^{P_{4} O_{10}} \underline{Y}$

X Y
1 $C_{2} H_{5} OH$ $C_{2} H_{4}$
2 ${CH}_{3} {CO}_{2} H$ ${({CH}_{3} CO)}_{2} O$
3 ${CH}_{3} {CO}_{2} H$ ${CH}_{3} {CO}_{2} {CH}_{3}$
4 $C_{2} H_{5} OH$ ${CH}_{3} {CO}_{2} H$

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answer is B.

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Detailed Solution

Chemical Reaction Sequence: Oxidation and Anhydride Formation

CH3CHO

#NO2

Oxidation

→

CH3COOH

(X)

P2O5

−H2O

→

(CH3CO)2O

(Y)

Detailed Reaction Explanation:

Step 1: Oxidation of Acetaldehyde

Starting Material: CH3CHO (Acetaldehyde or Ethanal)

Reagent: #NO2 (Nitrogen dioxide - acts as an oxidizing agent)

Process: Oxidation reaction

Product (X): CH3COOH (Acetic acid or Ethanoic acid)

The aldehyde group (−CHO) is oxidized to a carboxylic acid group (−COOH).

Step 2: Dehydration to Form Anhydride

Starting Material: CH3COOH (Acetic acid)

Reagent: P2O5 (Phosphorus pentoxide - a strong dehydrating agent)

Process: Dehydration (removal of water, −H2O)

Product (Y): (CH3CO)2O (Acetic anhydride or Ethanoic anhydride)

Two molecules of acetic acid combine with the loss of one water molecule to form acetic anhydride.

Summary:

Compound X: Acetic acid (CH3COOH)
Compound Y: Acetic anhydride ((CH3CO)2O)
This is a two-step synthesis starting from acetaldehyde
The overall transformation converts an aldehyde to a carboxylic acid anhydride

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