Identify difference between a parasite and a saprotroph.

A parasite is a living organism that is dependent on another living organism, mainly to fulfill its shelter and nutritional requirements. The parasite either causes a negative effect on the host or it can have no effect. Saprotrophs are the organisms that derive their nutrition from dead and decaying matter.

The primary difference between a parasite and a saprotroph lies in their mode of nutrition and interaction with other organisms or materials.

Parasite

• A parasite is an organism that lives on or inside a host organism and derives nutrients directly from it, often causing harm to the host.
• Parasites depend on their host for survival and cannot live independently for long periods.
• They may harm the host by depriving it of essential nutrients or by transmitting diseases.
• Examples: Tapeworms, lice, and mistletoe.

Saprotroph

• A saprotroph is an organism that feeds on dead and decaying organic matter, breaking it down into simpler substances.
• Saprotrophs play a critical role in the ecosystem by recycling nutrients back into the soil.
• Unlike parasites, saprotrophs do not depend on living organisms and do not harm any host.
• Examples: Fungi (like mushrooms) and certain bacteria.

Key Differences

• Nutritional Source: Parasites feed on living organisms, while saprotrophs consume dead and decaying matter.
• Relationship: Parasites have a harmful relationship with their host, whereas saprotrophs contribute to the natural recycling of nutrients.
• Dependency: Parasites rely on a host for survival, while saprotrophs are independent decomposers.

In summary, parasites and saprotrophs have distinct modes of nutrition, with parasites deriving nutrients from a host and saprotrophs decomposing organic matter. Both play unique roles in nature, contributing to different ecological processes.

Hence the correct option is B.