Identify the plant Mendel used in his study. What kind of offspring did Mendel get when he crossed the tall and short plants in the 𝐹₁ and 𝐹 ₂ generations? What is the ratio  that he discovered in 𝐹₂ generation plants?

Solution: Mendel used a garden pea plant (Pisum sativum) for his experiments. A cross between two parents that differ in only one heritable character is called a monohybrid cross, and the resulting hybrid is called a monohybrid. When he crossed pure tall and pure short plants, it was also considered a monohybrid cross.
In the F₁ generation, all stamens from the flowers of the tall stem plants were removed so that they acted as female plants. On the other hand, all the pistols from the flowers of the dwarf stem plants were removed so that they acted as male plants. These plants are called parents and are denoted by the symbol P. He collected seeds obtained from the cross-pollination of parent plants and sewed them. All plants obtained from these seeds had tall stems. Therefore, he marked these plants as F₁ generation plants.
Mendel allowed the plants of the F₁ generation to reproduce by self-pollination, and their seeds were obtained. When he showed these seeds, they grew into tall stem plants and dwarf stem plants of the F₂ generation, giving nearly a
3: 1 ratio of tall stem and dwarf stem plants. The most significant feature F₂ generation was that dwarfness disappeared in the F₁ generation but reappeared in about 25 % of plants of the F₂ generation.