If X is no of moles of $C{O}_2$ and Y is no. of hydrogens that can participate in hyperconjugation in D ,then (X + Y) is……

Step 1: Oxidation with KMnO₄

The first step involves the reaction of an alkene (H₂C=CH₂) with KMnO₄ (potassium permanganate) under heat. Potassium permanganate is a strong oxidizing agent, and when it reacts with alkenes, it causes oxidative cleavage of the double bond. This cleavage results in the formation of two carboxylic acid groups at the positions where the double bond existed.

The product formed is malonic acid (HOOC-CH₂-COOH), a dicarboxylic acid.

Alkene → KMnO₄ → Malonic acid (HOOC-CH₂-COOH)

Step 2: Reduction with LiAlH₄

The second step involves the reduction of the product with LiAlH₄ (lithium aluminum hydride), a strong reducing agent. The carboxylic acid group (-COOH) is reduced to an alcohol group (-OH). The intermediate compound formed is a hydroxyethyl group (CH₃-CH₂OH) attached to the carbon.

Malonic acid → LiAlH₄ → Alcohol (C)

Step 3: Dehydration with H⁺

In the third step, the alcohol undergoes dehydration in the presence of an acid (H⁺). Dehydration typically leads to the formation of a double bond between two carbon atoms. The result is a ketone, specifically methyl vinyl ketone (B), where two carbon atoms are now double-bonded.

Alcohol (C) → H⁺, ∆ → Methyl vinyl ketone (B)

Conclusion:

• A is malonic acid (HOOC-CH₂-COOH) formed from the oxidation of the alkene.
• B is methyl vinyl ketone, formed after dehydration of the alcohol.
• C is the intermediate alcohol formed after the reduction of malonic acid.
• D is the final product formed after dehydration.