In Assam, both men and women from forest communities like Santhals and Gonds were recruited to work on [[1]] plantations.

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In Assam, men and women from forest communities like Santhals and Gonds were recruited to work on tea plantations.
Grazing and hunting were restricted to the local population. Many pastoralists were referred to as "criminal tribes" and were forced to labour under government supervision in industries, mines, and plantations. New employment options did not necessarily result in enhanced well-being for the populace. Men and women from forest communities such as the Santhals, Oraons, and Gonds of Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh were recruited to work on tea plantations in Assam. Their earnings were poor, and their working conditions were deplorable.

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