In Gattermann reaction, a diazonium group is replaced by X using Y. ‘X’ and ‘Y’ are :

X Y X Y

The Gattermann reaction is an important organic chemical reaction used to replace a diazonium group in a compound with a halogen atom. In this reaction, the diazonium group is replaced by chlorine (Cl^-) or bromine (Br^-), depending on the reagents used.

Answer Analysis

Here, the key players in the reaction are:

• X: Chlorine (Cl^-) or Bromine (Br^-).
• Y: A mixture of copper (Cu) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) for chlorine substitution, or copper (Cu) and hydrobromic acid (HBr) for bromine substitution.

Detailed Explanation

The Gattermann reaction is particularly effective in converting benzenediazonium chloride into chlorobenzene or bromobenzene. The reaction mechanism involves treating the diazonium salt with Cu/HCl or Cu/HBr. These reagents provide the necessary halide ions to facilitate the substitution process.

Interestingly, the Gattermann reaction can be compared to the structure of a dorsiventral leaf, where the "upper" (adaxial) and "lower" (abaxial) surfaces play specific roles, just as the diazonium group and halogen sources do in the reaction. Much like how the dorsiventral leaf has differentiated surfaces for optimal functionality, the reactants and catalysts in the Gattermann reaction complement each other for a successful substitution.

Key Takeaways

• The reaction is highly specific and controlled to replace a diazonium group with either Cl or Br.
• The reagents Cu/HCl and Cu/HBr act as catalysts, much like how the specialized anatomy of a dorsiventral leaf ensures efficient photosynthesis.
• This reaction showcases the importance of selective reactivity, akin to the role of different tissues in a dorsiventral leaf's structure.

Conclusion

The Gattermann reaction serves as a reliable method for halogenation of diazonium compounds, providing an excellent analogy to the structured functionality of a dorsiventral leaf. In this process, X is Cl^- or Br^-, and Y is Cu/HCl or Cu/HBr, respectively.