In mid-eighteenth-century Europe, the status of Germany, Italy and Switzerland was

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They were divided into kingdoms, duchies and cantons

They were sovereign states

They were democracies

They were republics

answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

In mid-eighteenth-century Europe, the status of Germany, Italy and Switzerland was divided into kingdoms, duchies and cantons.
In mid-18th century Europe, no nation-states existed in places like Germany, Italy and Switzerland. Instead, they were divided into kingdoms, duchies and cantons whose rulers had their autonomous territories. Autocratic monarchies had taken Europe and Central Europe under their domains in which people lived in diversity. Collective identity or a common culture was not evident. People spoke different languages and belonged to different ethnic groups. However, revolutionaries like Locke, Hobbes, and others gave the idea of democracy and influenced people to revolt against monarchies.

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