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Q.

In recent years, the central and state governments in India are taking special steps to attract foreign companies to invest in India. Industrial zones, called Special Economic Zones (SEZs), are being set up. SEZs are to have world-class facilities: electricity, water, roads, transport, storage, recreational and educational facilities. Companies that set up production units in the SEZs do not have to pay taxes for five years.


The government has also allowed flexibility in the labour laws to attract foreign investment. The companies in the organised sector have to obey certain rules that aim to protect the workers' rights. Instead of hiring workers on a regular basis, companies hire workers 'flexibly' for short periods when there is intense pressure from work. This is done to reduce the cost of labour for the company.


Instead of hiring workers on a regular basis, companies hire workers 'flexibly' for short periods when there is intense pressure of work is evidence of


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a

Cost reduction

b

Globalisation

c

Extreme competition

d

Developed SEZ 

answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

Instead of hiring workers regularly, companies hire workers 'flexibly' for short periods when there is intense work pressure as evidence of Cost reduction.
One of the ways through which companies reduce costs of production is by reducing the cost to the company on its employees. Companies cut costs on employees by hiring them temporarily and for flexible periods so that they do not have to provide any facilities like health insurance that permanent employees enjoy. Employers do that to lessen their cost of production since one of the costs of production, which is the cost of raw materials, cannot be changed much, but the cost of labour can be changed.
 
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