Q.

In the commercial method of manufacturing picric acid from phenol the intermediate formed is

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a

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b

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c

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d

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answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

Direct nitration of phenol using conc. HNO3 gives a very poor yield of picric acid.Conc. HNO3 being a very strong oxidant and thus oxidation products dominate nitration product

Indirect nitration is used in commercial preparation of picric acid. On sulphonation of phenol we get 

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–SO3H group is bulky and deactivating. Thus reactivity decreases. Thus the intermediate, 

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on nitration gives a very good yield of picric acid.

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