In the French Estate system of the 18th century, only members of the ____ paid taxes.

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In the French Estate system of the 18th century, only members of the Third Estate paid taxes.
The First Estate (clergy), the Second Estate (nobility), and the Third Estate (commoners such as merchants, artisans, peasants, landless labor, etc.) were the three estates that made up French society during the Ancien Régime before the French Revolution. No estate was deemed to include the king. The tax burden represented a significant distinction between the realm estates. While the common people paid disproportionately high direct taxes, the nobles and clergy were mostly exempt from taxation. Due to several bourgeois exemptions, this primarily applied to peasants in practice. The system was grievously unfair by placing a significant tax burden on the helpless and underprivileged.

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