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Q.

In the kidney, the osmolarity increases from 300 mOsmL-1 in the cortex to 1200 mOsmL-1 in the medulla. This gradient is mainly due to 

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a

NaCl and creatinine

b

Ketones and urea

c

HCO3- and Cl-

d

NaCl and urea

answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

Increasing osmolarity towards the inner medullary interstitium, from 300mOsmL–1 in the cortex to about 1200 mOsmL–1 in the inner medulla is mainly caused by NaCl and urea.

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In the kidney, the osmolarity increases from 300 mOsmL-1 in the cortex to 1200 mOsmL-1 in the medulla. This gradient is mainly due to