In the Modern periodic table, calcium (atomic number 20) is surrounded by elements with atomic numbers 12, 19, 21 and 38. Which of these have physical and chemical properties resembling calcium?

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Atomic number 12 and 38

Atomic number 19 and 21

Atomic number 21 and 38

Atomic number 12 and 19

answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

Concept- The modern periodic table is a visual representation of chemical elements that are ordered according to their atomic number, chemically related properties, and electronic configuration. The periodic chart divides elements into two categories: groups and periods. Periods are horizontal rows, while groups are vertical columns.
The electrical configuration of the outermost shells of elements belonging to the same group will be similar, and as a result, these elements will have comparable chemical and physical characteristics.
We only need to identify the elements that share the same electrical configuration as calcium and so belong to the same group in order to identify those that share the physical and chemical characteristics of calcium (Group II).
The electrical arrangement of calcium is comparable to that of the elements with atomic numbers 12 and 38. They are a part of the same group as well (Group II).
Therefore, substances with atomic numbers 12 and 38 will resemble calcium in terms of their physical and chemical characteristics.
Hence the correct answer is option 1).

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