In the states of Punjab, Haryana, and western Uttar Pradesh, [[1]] is responsible for land degradation.

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In the states of Punjab, Haryana, and western Uttar Pradesh, over-irrigation is to blame for land degradation caused by waterlogging, which leads to an increase in salinity and alkalinity in the soil. Mining-related deforestation has resulted in serious land degradation in states such as Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, and Odisha. In states such as Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra, overgrazing is a major cause of soil degradation. Mineral processing produces a huge amount of dust into the atmosphere, such as the grinding of limestone for the cement industry and calcite and soapstone for the ceramic industry.

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