In the third period of the periodic table, the element having the smallest size is:

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answer is C.

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Detailed Solution

concept - In the period from left to right, the size of the atom decreases due to the increase in nuclear charge.
As we go from left to right in the periodic table, the atomic radius of the atom decreases due to the addition of an extra proton, which results in a stronger pull on the electrons, while the extra electron goes to the same principal energy level.
As you move down the group, another energy level is added to the structure, leading to an increase in the atomic radius. Thus, as you move down a group, the atomic radius increases.
Also, the noble gases are bigger than the halogens as they have octets and a sort of repulsion occurs in the shells.
So, the smallest element in the third period is Chlorine (Cl).
Hence, the correct option is (3).

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