Q.

In which case effective nuclear charge is minimum?

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a

Be

b

Equal

c

Be2+

d

Be3+

answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

Effective nuclear charge,Zeff=ZS
where, Z- atomic number and S = screening constant
= 0.35 per electron for electron in nth orbit.
= 0.85 per electron for electrons in (n - 1)th orbit
= 1.00 per electron for electrons in (n - 2)th, (n - 3)th, (n - 4)th orbit
= 0.30 per electron in Ls-orbital (when alone)
Be, Ls2 2s2 one valence electron in 2s is screened by one electron in 2s-orbital (nth orbit) and two electrons in 1s orbital ((n - 1)th orbit.)
S=0.35+2×0.85=2.05Zeff =42.05=1.95             (given)
Be+ 1s2 2s1electron is screened by two electrons in 1 s-orbital ((n - 1)th orbital) 
S=2×0.85=1.70Zeff =41.70=2.30
Be2+, 1s2 one s-electron in ls-orbital (alone exists) is screened by another electron in same orbit. Thus,
S=0.30Zeff =40.30=3.70
Be3+,1s1no screening (single electron)
Thus, Zeff =4. 
Thus, Zeff :Be<Be+<Be2+<Be3+

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