Independent gametophyte and sporophytes are found in

In pteridophytes like Selaginella, both sporophyte and gametophytes are independent.

In pteridophytes such as Selaginella, both the sporophyte and gametophyte are independent and exist as separate, free-living stages in the life cycle of the plant. This characteristic is distinct from many other plants where the gametophyte is typically dependent on the sporophyte for nutrients and support.

Sporophyte Stage

The sporophyte in Selaginella is the dominant, multicellular, diploid stage of the plant’s life cycle. It is responsible for producing spores through meiosis in specialized structures called sporangia. These spores are released into the environment, where they can germinate and grow into a new gametophyte. The sporophyte is typically larger and more complex than the gametophyte, consisting of roots, stems, and leaves.

Gametophyte Stage

The gametophyte is a haploid structure that arises from the germination of spores. In Selaginella, the gametophyte is independent and photosynthetic, meaning it can produce its own food. The gametophyte is much smaller than the sporophyte and consists of a simple thallus (a flat, undifferentiated body) or a small, multicellular structure. It produces both male and female gametes in separate organs: antheridia (male) and archegonia (female). Once the gametes are released and fertilization occurs, the resulting zygote develops into a new sporophyte, completing the cycle.

Independence of Sporophyte and Gametophyte

The fact that both the sporophyte and gametophyte are independent in Selaginella means that the gametophyte does not rely on the sporophyte for nutrition or structural support. This independent existence allows for greater flexibility and adaptation in different environments, as each stage of the plant can thrive separately. This is an important feature of pteridophytes like Selaginella and sets them apart from other plants where the gametophyte is typically dependent on the sporophyte.

In summary, in Selaginella, the sporophyte and gametophyte are independent of each other, with each stage of the life cycle capable of surviving and functioning autonomously, contributing to the plant’s overall ability to thrive in various ecological niches.