Industrial melanism in peppered moth occurred due to natural selection. The significant reason for this is

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mutation in light coloured moths due to increases in industrial pollution

advantageous selection of white months from trees on polluted areas, resulting in increased population of white moths

the light coloured white moths could not be noticed by predatory birds after deposition of soot on bark of trees

advantageous selection of black moths on trees in polluted areas, resulting in increase population of black moths

answer is C.

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Detailed Solution

During post-industrialisation period, the tree trunks became dark due to industrial smoke and soot. Under this condition the white-winged moth did not survive due to predators, dark-winged or melanised moth survived. This results in increase in the population of black moths.

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