Industrial melanism is an example of evolution by

Industrial melanism is the phenomenon where a higher percentage of dark-winged moths are found in heavily-polluted areas compared to cleaner areas. This is because the dark coloration provides better camouflage against soot-covered tree trunks in polluted environments. Natural selection favours traits that increase an organism’s chances of survival and reproduction. In polluted environments, dark-coloured moths are better camouflaged and are therefore more likely to survive and reproduce than lighter-coloured moths. As a result, the frequency of the dark-coloured variant increases over time (survival of the fittest). Thus, industrial melanism is an evidence of evolution by natural selection.