Is it true that in an oscillating pendulum, potential energy is maximum at extreme position and kinetic energy is maximum at mean position?

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True

False

answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

The above statement is true.
Air friction: Air opposition is a kind of friction (a force that opposes motion) which happens between air and another object. This force is experienced by an object as it passes through the air.
When a pendulum bob is raised to the right extreme, the kinetic energy of the bob is zero and the potential energy of the bob is (maximum)

mgh

where

m

is the mass of the bob,

g

is acceleration due to gravity;

h

is the height to which the bob is raised. When the bob is released the speed of the pendulum increases as its height decreases hence the potential energy stored in the bob at the right extreme is converted into kinetic energy. At the mean position all of the potential energy is converted into (maximum) kinetic energy. Again at the left extreme all the kinetic energy is converted into the potential energy. The total energy remains constant is air friction is negligible and hence it follows the law of conservation of energy. Some part of kinetic energy is lost in overcoming the air friction and hence the pendulum comes to rest after a period of time. Since the energy is transferred and is converted to another form while overcoming the friction hence, law of conservation of energy is not violated.

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