IUDs are small objects made up of plastic or copper that are inserted in the uterine cavity. Which of the following statements are correct about IUDs? 
A. IUDs decrease phagocytosis of sperm within the uterus. 
B. The released copper ions suppress the sperm motility. 
C. IUDs do not make the cervix hostile to the sperm. 
D. IUDs suppress the fertilisation capacity of sperm. 
E. The IUDs require surgical intervention for their insertion in the uterine cavity. 
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.

(B) and (D) only
A. IUDs do not decrease but increase phagocytosis of sperm within the uterus. IUDs create a local inflammatory reaction within the uterus, which increases the phagocytosis of sperm, making it less likely for sperm to survive and fertilise an egg. 

B. Copper IUDs release small amounts of copper ions into the uterine cavity, which have a toxic effect on sperm, reducing their motility and ability to reach and fertilise an egg.

C. IUDs can make the cervix hostile to sperm by producing a thick cervical mucus barrier that hinders sperm from entering the uterus. 

D. IUDs not only reduce sperm motility but also impair sperm function, leading to a decrease in their fertilisation capacity. 

E. IUDs are typically inserted into the uterine cavity by a healthcare professional during a simple procedure. It does not usually require surgery.