Large, colourful, fragrant flowers with nectar are seen in

Large, colourful, fragrant flowers with nectar are seen in insect-pollinated plants. The colourful and fragrant attributes of the fl ower attract the insect pollinators, while nectar serves as a reward for their visitation,
and in return, the pollinators transfer the pollen from the anther to the stigma, leading to fertilisation.

(1) Wind pollinated flowers often lack bright colours, scent, or nectar. They produce lightweight, abundant, and small pollen grains that are easily carried by the wind. These flowers typically have long, feathery stigmas to capture airborne pollen.

(3) Bird-pollinated plants often have bright, vibrant colours, such as red, orange, or yellow, which attract birds. They produce copious amounts of nectar as a food reward and have tubular or funnel-shaped flowers to accommodate the long beaks or tongues of birds. They may also have strong, sturdy structures to support perching birds.

(4) Bat-pollinated plants typically have large, pale or white fl owers that are highly fragrant and emit a strong, sweet scent during the night. They produce abundant nectar as a reward and often have a sturdy, open structure to facilitate bat access.