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Q.
Let be positive real numbers, not all equal, such that some two of the equations have a common root, say , then which of the following is/are the correct statement(s)
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a
is real and negative.
b
The third equation has non-real roots.
c
The third equation has real roots.
d
is real and positive.
answer is A, B.
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Detailed Solution

Consider the discriminants of the three equations
(1)
(2)
(3)
Let us denote them by respectively. Then we have
We observe that
since p, q, r are not all equal. Hence at least one of must be positive. We may assume .
Suppose and . In this case both the equations (2) and (3) have only non-r eal roots and equation (1) has only real roots. Hence the common root must be between (2) and (3). But then is the other root of both (2) and (3). Hence it follows that (2) and (3) have same set of roots. This implies that
Thus contradicting the given condition. Hence both and cannot be negative. We may assume . Thus, we have
These two gives
since p, q, r are all positive. Hence, we obtain or . We conclude that the common root must be between equations (1) and (2).
Thus
Eliminating , we obtain
Since and , we conclude that .
The condition implies that the equation (3) has only non-real roots.
Alternately one can argue as follows. Suppose is a common root of two equations, say, (1) and (2). If is non-real, then is also a root of both (1) and (2). Hence The coefficients of (1) and (2) are proportional. This forces , a contradiction. Hence the common root between any two equations cannot be non-real. Looking at the coefficients, we conclude that the common root must be negative. If (1) and (2) have common root , then and . Here at least one inequality is strict for and forces . Hence . This gives and hence (3) has nonreal roots.