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Q.

Let the probability of the event that the permutations  a1a2a3a4a5a6 of the six integers from 1 to 6 is such that for all  i from 1 to 5,  ai+1 does not exceed  ai  by 1 is  pq(p,qN,H.C.F(p,q)=1).  Find  qp.

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answer is 137.

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Detailed Solution

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Let S be the set of permutations of the six integers from 1 to 6. Then  |S|=6!=720. Define  P(i) to be the subset of S such that the digit i+1 follows immediately  i,i=1,2,3,4,5. Then  i|P(i)|=(51)5!,

i1<i2|P(i1)Pi2|=(52)4!

i1<i2<i3|P(i1)P(i2)P(i3)|=(53)3!

i1<i2<i3<i4|P(i1)P(i2)P(i3)P(i4)|=(54)2!

|P(1)P(2)P(3)P(4)P(5)|=(55)1!
By the principle of Inclusion and Exclusion, the required number is 

6!(51)5!+(52)4!(53)3!+(54)2!(55)1!=309     pq=309720=103240

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