List key functions of fibrous roots

Anchorage and Support

The extensive, widespread mat of roots firmly grips the surrounding soil particles. This provides excellent anchorage for the plant, particularly in the upper layers of the soil, preventing it from being easily uprooted by wind or rain.

Water and Mineral Absorption

This is a primary function. The vast number of roots and root hairs creates an enormous surface area. This system is highly efficient at absorbing water and dissolved mineral nutrients from the shallow, upper layers of the soil, where they are most abundant after rainfall.

Soil Erosion Prevention

The dense, interlocking network of roots acts like a natural net or rebar, binding the soil particles together. This makes the soil much more resistant to being washed away by water (runoff) or blown away by wind.

Nutrient Storage (In Some Species)

While taproots are more famous for storage, some plants with fibrous roots have evolved modifications to store food. These are often adventitious roots that swell to store starch and water (e.g., sweet potatoes, though they are root tubers, not a classic fibrous system). In grasses, the roots and rhizomes form a dense sod that stores energy.