List the functions of adipose tissue?

Adipose tissue is a specialized connective tissue that stores fat in the form of triglycerides. It performs several vital functions:

1. Energy storage: Acts as the body’s energy reserve by storing excess nutrients as fat.
2. Insulation: Maintains body temperature by reducing heat loss through the skin.
3. Protection: Cushions and protects organs like kidneys, heart, and eyes from mechanical shocks.
4. Endocrine function: Releases hormones such as leptin that regulate appetite and metabolism.
5. Structural support: Provides shape and padding to the body, especially under the skin (subcutaneous layer).

Adipose tissue is found mainly beneath the skin, around internal organs, and in bone marrow. It exists in two forms—white adipose tissue for energy storage and brown adipose tissue for heat production. Proper balance of adipose tissue is essential for health; too little causes energy deficiency, while excess leads to obesity and metabolic issues.