Long-term loss of soil moisture and fertility turning land barren is
(a) desertification
(b) eutrophication
(c) sedimentation
(d) afforestation

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Detailed Solution

Correct answer: (a) Desertification

Desertification is the long-term degradation of land—loss of soil moisture, fertility, vegetation and productivity—often caused by deforestation, overgrazing, unsustainable farming, and climate variability. The land gradually becomes barren and less able to support life.

(b) Eutrophication – Nutrient enrichment of water bodies leading to algal blooms, not land turning barren.
(c) Sedimentation – Deposition of soil/silt in rivers or reservoirs; it’s about water systems, not loss of land fertility.
(d) Afforestation – Planting trees and increasing forest cover; the opposite of land degradation.

Final answer: (a) Desertification.

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