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Match the different types of soil given in Column I with their region in Column II and select the correct option.

Matrix:

Column I

Column II
(a)
Red and Yellow Soil
(i)
Rajasthan, Gujarat
(b)
Laterite Soil
(ii)
Odisha, Chattisgarh
(c)

(d)
Alluvial Soil

Black Soil
(iii)

(iv)

Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh
Karnataka, Kerala

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a- iii; b- i; c- iv; d- ii

a- ii; b- iv; c- i; d- iii

a- iii; b- iv; c- ii; d- i

a- ii; b- i; c- iv; d- iii

answer is B.

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Detailed Solution

1)      Red soil forms on crystalline igneous rocks in low-rainfall sections of the Deccan plateau's eastern and southern reaches. Yellow and red soils can also be found in sections of Odisha, Chattisgarh, the southern Ganga plain, and the piedmont zone of the Western Ghats.
2)      Lateritic soils are typically deep to extremely deep, acidic (pH6.0), and generally low in plant nutrients. They are found primarily in southern states like Karnataka, Kerala, the Western Ghats region of Maharashtra, Odisha, some portions of West Bengal, and the northeastern states.
3)      Alluvial soil covers the entire northern plains. These were deposited by three major Himalayan river systems: the Indus, Ganga, and the Brahmaputra. These soils also spread along a narrow corridor in Rajasthan and Gujarat.
4)      Black soil is typical of the Deccan trap (Basalt) region, made up of lava flows scattered across the northwest Deccan plateau. They reach southeast along the Godavari and Krishna basins and cover Maharashtra, Saurashtra, Malwa, Madhya Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh plateaus.

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